Kajian Sifat Biji Sorgum Putih Varietas Lokal Bandung serta Pengaruh Kadar Air Setelah Conditioning dan Lama Pengosohan Abrasif terhadap Hasil Beras Sorgum

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Sorghum grains to be consumed as food requires decortication to remove
their pericarp. Sorghum rice should possess favorable sensory characteristics and
the decortication process should be efficient. Decortication requires information
about sorghum grain characteristics as well as appropriate decortication methods.
The objectives of this research was to characterize the physical and chemical
properties of a Bandung Local Variety of White Sorghum Grain retained on 6
and 7 mesh sieves and to obtain the best moisture content of conditioning
sorghum grains and decortication time for obtaining sorghum rice of good.
Characterization of the physical properties of the sorghum grains was carried out
by descriptive method while the decortication experiment employed a Factorial
Randomized Block Design consisting of 2 factors, respectively moisture content
of grains after conditioning (13.78% and 15.87%) and decortication time (4 to 12
minute with a 2 minute interval) in 3 replicates, followed by correlation and
regresion analyses. Seed characteristics of the Local White Sorghum retained on
6 mesh sieve were as follows: large kernel, respectively 4.54 x 4.32 x 2.64 mm;
round-shape (sphericity 0.82); brown-yellowish gray (L*54, a*-1.71, b*17.60)
colored seedcoat with brownish-black hilum. Grain hardness 7,73 kg (Kiya
Hardness Tester) or hard grain, thick pericarp (0.18 mm), corneousness 57.03%
or endosperm hardness ~e 5 (hard endosperm), grain weight (glI000) 36.08 or,
bulk density 0.74 (g/cm ) and specific density 1.26 (g/cnr'), grain composition:
moisture 11.88% (db), starch 83.45% (db), protein 11.60% (db), fat 3.13% (db),
crude fiber 5.79% (db), ash 3.13% (db) and carbohydrate 82.05% (db). Seed
characteristics of the Local White Sorghum retained on 7 mesh sieve were as
follows large kernel, resfectively: 3,90 x 3,65 x 2,37 mm; round shape (sphericity
0.83); brown-yellowish gray (L*57.08, a*-2.51, b*21.21) colored seedcoat with
black hilum, grain hardness 6,49 kg (Kiya Hardness Tester) or hard grain; thick
pericarp (0.20 mm); corneousness 35.94% or endospenn hardness type 7 (soft
endosperm), grain weight (gllOOO) 25.73; bulk density 0.73 (g/cm ') and specific
density 1.26 (g/cm"). Grain composition: moisture 11.94% (db), starch 81.68%
(db), protein 11.38% (db), fat 3.34% (db), crude fiber 3.63% (db), ash 2.01% (db)
and carbohydrate 83.29% (db). Conditioning of sorghum grains before
decortication was effective only on grains retained on 6 mesh sieve and the
moisture level of 13.78% was best. Effect of decortication time on grains retained
on 6 mesh sieve gave smaller decortication efficiencies as decortication time
increased. This effect caused decrease of total sorghum rice and material loss
yields and increase of total bran yield. On grains retained on 7 mesh sieve,
abrasion or polishing of seedcoat only progressed up to 6 minutes decortication
time. This was probably due to insufficient fill of dehuller compartment, mainly
due to size reduction of grains during decortication and continuous removal of
bran from this compartment. Relationship between decortication time and
decortication efficiency, total sorghum rice yield and percentage of material loss
were linear and decreasing, but was linear and increasing for total bran yield on
grains retained on 6 mesh sieve. However on grains

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Series Title

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Call Number

630 Suk k/R.15.51

Publisher

Bandung : PROGRAM PASCASARJANA UNPAD., 2014

Collation

xxi,;223 hlm,;29 cm

Language

Indonesia

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Classification

630 Suk k

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