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Keragaman dan Kecukupan Konsumsi Pangan Hewani di Kota Jambi dalam Hubungannya dengan Kualitas Sumberdaya manusia Keluarga

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman dan kecukupan konsumsi pangan hewani keluarga, dan hubungannya dengan kualitas sumberdaya manusia keluarga, serta pengaruh kondisi sosial-budaya, ekonomi dan ketersediaan pangan hewani terhadap keragaman konsumsi pangan hewani. Teknik penarikan sampel yang digunakan adalah multi-stage cluster random sampling. Sebanyak 259 rumah tangga yang terpilih merupakan sampel penelitian. Jumlah dan ragam jenis ikan adalah paling banyak dikonsumsi, diikuti daging dan telur, sedangkan jumlah dan ragam jenis yang paling sedikit dikonsumsi adalah susu. Rata-rata daging yang dikonsumsi telah melebihi standar konsumsi, namun sebagian besar masih di bawah standar konsumsi, sedangkan susu dan ikan yang dikonsumsi sebagian besar masih di bawah standar konsumsi.Pangan hewani yang sering dikonsumsi adalah susu dan telur, sedangkan yang jarang adalah daging dan ikan. Waktu mengkonsumsi daging dan ikan paling sering adalah siang dan malam, serta telur dan susu adalah pada waktu pagi. Konsumsi pangan hewani keluarga sebagian besar masih belum beragam dan komposisinya belum sesuai dengan yang diharapkan untuk hidup sehat.Rata-rata kecukupan konsumsi jumlah dan protein daging adalah status normal, namun sebagian besar status kekurangan. Kecukupan konsumsi jumlah dan protein telur sebagian besar status kelebihan, sedangkan kecukupan konsumsi jumlah dan protein susu dan ikan sebagian besar status kekurangan. Kecukupan konsumsi energi pangan hewani sebagian besar adalah status kekurangan yang terdiri kekurangan tingkat berat, sedang dan ringan, kemudian diikuti status normal dan kelebihan.Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa : (1) Konsumsi pangan hewani sebagian besar masih belum beragam sesuai dengan Pola Pangan Harapan; (2) Kecukupan konsumsi pangan hewani sebagian besar juga belum mencukupi standar kecukupan konsumsi pangan hewani; (3) Kondisi sosial-budaya dan ekonomi serta ketersediaan pangan hewani di tingkat rumah tangga berpengaruh positif terhadap keragaman konsumsi pangan hewani; dan (4) Semakin beragam konsumsi pangan hewani pada keluarga, semakin tinggi kualitas sumberdaya manusia keluarga; serta (5) Semakin cukup konsumsi pangan hewani pada keluarga, semakin tinggi kualitas sumberdaya manusia keluarga. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini disarankan pada pemerintah untuk mengembangkan program Gerakan Makan Pangan Hewani pada keluarga yang dimulai sejak usia anak-anak. 

The aim of this research was to know the diversity and adequacy of animal and fish products consumption of households, and its relationship to the quality of family human resources, and the influence of socio-cultural and economic conditions, and animal and fish products availability on the diversity of animal and fish products consumption. Sampling technique used in this research was multi-stage sampling random cluster. A total of 259 households was picked up as the research sample.By amount and varieties, fish were consumed most, followed by meat and egg, whereas milk was the least. The average of meat consumed have been over the standard of consumption, yet a significant part was still below it, whereas the consumed milk and fish were below it either.Animal and fish products which were frequently consumed were milk and egg, whereas those infrequently consumed were meat and fish. The time of day for consuming meat and fish was most frequently at daytime and at night, whereas the time of day for consuming egg and milk was in the morning. Most of animal and fish products consumption of households were not diversified and their composition were not yet as expected for a healthy life.The average adequacy of consumption by quantity and protein of meat was at normal status, however a significant part of them was at deficient status. The adequacy of consumption by quantity and protein of egg were mostly at surplus status, whereas the adequacy of consumption by quantity and protein of milk and fish were mostly at deficient status. The adequacy of consumption animal and fish products calory was mostly at deficient status, consists of deficiencies of severe, modest, and mild levels, then followed by normal and surplus status.The research concluded that : (1) Consumption of animal and fish products has mostly not been varied according to Desirable Dietary Pattern; (2) The adequacy of consumption of animal and fish products was mostly under the animal and fish products consumption adequacy standard; (3) Socio-cultural and economic conditions and the availability of animal and fish products at household level have positive influence on animal and fish products consumption diversity; and (4) The more animal and fish products consumption diversity in households, the higher the quality of family human resources; (5) The more animal and fish products consumption adequacy in households, the higher the quality of family human resources. Based on the research, it is recommeded to improve the programme of animal and fish products consumption in a family, started from early childhood.

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D972

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Bandung : ., 2005

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Indonesia

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