Disertasi/Tesis/Skripsi

Pola Komunikasi Terapeutik Antara Non-Formal Caregivers dan Penderita Gangguan Jiwa : Kajian Etnografi pada Pendampingan Penderita Gangguan Jiwa di Yayasan Dzikrur Ghofilin, Kabupaten Wonosobo

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ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi adanya keingin-tahuan peneliti pada sebuah gerakan sekelompok kecil masyarakat di sebuah Yayasan bernama Yayasan Dzikrur Ghofilin di Kabupaten Wonosobo untuk mengumpulkan, menampung, dna merawat penderita gangguan jiwa. Terdapat beberapa keunikan dalam mendampingi para pasien gangguan jiwa, antara lain perawat atau pendamping para penderita gangguan jiwa juga mantan penderita gangguan jiwa. Penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma interpretif dengan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain penelitian etnografi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan pola komunikasi dalam mendampingi dan merawat 158 penderita gangguan jiwa hingga para penderita gangguan jiwa ini dapat kembali normal dan mampu berbaur dengan masyarakat secara harmoni. Data diperoleh melalui observasi partisipatori, wawancara mendalam, field work, dan introspeksi. Informan ditentukan dengan menggunakan purposive sampling techniquedengan diperoleh 12 informan. Data lain diperoleh dari observasi dan studi dokumen yang ada di Yayasan Dzikrur Ghofilin. Teori yang digunakan menjadi dasar penelitian ini adalah teori interaksi simbolik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pendampinganterhadap penderita gangguan jiwa di Yayasan Dzikrur Ghofilin unik. Proses pendampingan fokus pada memanusiakan manusia. Selain itu, drug free therapymenjadi unggulan pendampingan para pasien. Para pasien secara individu mendapat perawatan atau penangananyang berbeda-beda tergantung tingkat keseriusan gangguan jiwa yang diderita para pasien. Ditemukan beberapa aktivitas yang dilakukan oleh para relawan untuk membantu para penderita gangguan jiwa antara lain aktivitas fisik/biologis yang terdiri dari terapi mandi, sentuhan, mengisolasi, aktivitas yang berhubungan dengan psikologis penderita antara lain terapi tidur, terapi drug free, terapi diam, terapi zikir, terapi sugesti, membangun kepercayaan, shock therapy, terapi sharing(curhat), dan aktivitas yang berhubungan dengan kemasyarakaktan antara lain peer support therapy, sosialisasi, bekerja. Pendekatan komunikasi persuasi dapat membantu para pasien menemukan identitasnya kembali. Dari berbagai aktivitas yang dilakukan oleh para relawan tersebut diperolehsebuah model pola pendampingan penderita gangguan jiwa yaitu experienced peered support model. Sebuah model pendampingan oleh para relawan/pendamping kepada para penderita gangguan jiwa. Peran para pendamping didukung oleh pengalaman mereka sebagai mantanpenderita gangguan jiwa memberikan dampak dan daya dorong bagi para penderita gangguan jiwa memiliki harapan untuk menjadi manusia yang bermakna. Dengan dimilikinya harapan, akan muncul motivasi dan usaha untuk mencapai “kesembuhan”. Kata kunci: Komunikasi Terapeutik, Gangguan jiwa, Etnografi, Experienced peered support model
xivABSTRACTThe research was done supported by the condition where a group of persons who are willing to be volunteers to gather and to take care of people with mental illness or mental illness patients in Wonosobo, Central Java. It is not merely an ordinary treatment that attracted the researcher to do a research. There are some outstanding situations; the volunteers were they are also former people with mental disorders. They are not supported by professionals or specialized nurses or psychologists in treating mental illness patients. The researcher was doing this research by implementing interpretive paradigm research with qualitative approach and ethnographic research design. Symbolic Interaction Theory is implemented in this research. The purpose of this research is to describe deeply the patterns of interactions and communication of volunteers in treating the patients in order to reach normal mental conditions. The final destination of treatment is to help patients to live in harmony. Data were collected through participatory observations, in depth interviews, field-work, and introspection. Key informants were selected using purposive sampling technique. There are 12 key informants. Supplementary data were collected by document study and observation. It was found out that it is extraordinary effort of volunteers. The main competitive advantageous is the way how to treat these “unworthiness” people. They treat them as the real human beings who are unique, different, and needs typical treatment. The most fascinating treatment is the free drug therapy. The patients are not allowed to take any kinds of medicine during treatment. Furthermore, every patient is treated differently depending on his/her mental illness stadium. There are activities which are synthesized from this long research. First, physical activities including bathing, touch, and seclusion. Second, psychological activities and mental activities such as sleep, drug free therapy, silent, zikir, developing trust, shock therapy, and sharingor self-disclosure. Third, socio-activities including peer support therapy, socializing, and working therapy. All in all, the most dominant speech act is the power of persuasion from the volunteers to every patient. Intensive and personalized communication triggers the patients recovered from their mental illness and to find their self-identity. The finding of this research is a communication model of mental illness treatment which brings impressive and extraordinary outcomes. It is experienced peered support model. It is a model of treatment for mental illness patients done by those who were previously suffering from mental illness. They help the patients to find meaning from their condition. Life experience gives positive impact to the patients to have hope and motivation to recovery. Keywords: Mental illness, Therapeutic communication, Ethnography, Experienced peered model

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Call Number

155.904 207 AGU p

Publisher

Bandung : Fikom Unpad., 2019

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xxiii, 554 hlm. : Ilus. ; 21 cm.

Language

Indonesia

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155.904 207 AGU p

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